CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) surveillance involves using video cameras to monitor and record activities within a designated area, transmitting the footage to a specific set of monitors. Key components of a CCTV system include cameras, which can be either analog or IP (internet protocol) based, monitors for real-time or recorded viewing, and recording devices such as Digital Video Recorders (DVRs) for analog cameras or Network Video Recorders (NVRs) for IP cameras.